基于AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰品质

运用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。以不同发育期的苦水玫瑰为研究对象,测定总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚含量及抗氧化活性,采用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。结果发现抗氧化IC50、总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖4个指标成分的复合权重分别为0.294 1、0.152 3、0.158 8、0.394 8;幼蕾期、花蕾期、盛开期苦水玫瑰质量综合评分分别为54.362 0、38.451 9、33.801 9,即幼蕾期苦水玫瑰的质量最好,花蕾期次之,盛开期较差。说明通过化学成分和生物活性作用综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质,幼蕾期苦水玫瑰品质最好。     

里山倡议及其在我国台湾地区的实践应用

“里山倡议”是透过农业生物多样性的保育，平衡生态环境、生产和生活文化，利用自然资源和传统文化知识，确保社会—生态生产地景的永续利用，建立人与自然的良性互动。文中以台湾地区林务局推动里山倡议概念中的“林下经济永续经营可行性之研究”为基础，梳理里山倡议在社会—生态生产地景的运作内容及框架；在实践过程中强调传统知识和现代技术的融合，对山林地景的保护、恢复及营造，借由城乡交流和互惠，以地景为尺度、社区为主体，透过培力(充权)社区参与自然资源经营，构建生态与生计共存的永续经营模式；总结台湾社区里山倡议的发展过程，跨地域整合及促进生态福祉的整体策略架构。     

狼毒根原料特点及其中柱制备糠醛研究

瑞香狼毒是我国北方草原上典型的多年生草本毒植物,资源化利用是新的治理思想和方式。以青海湖南岸的狼毒为研究对象,对其根部原料特征、化学成分和中柱部分制备糠醛进行了测定分析。结果表明:狼毒根皮层厚度与其最大直径呈直线关系;含水量为4.5%时,狼毒根中柱密度(0.72 g/cm~3)略高于皮层密度(0.69 g/cm~3);狼毒根中柱与皮层的化学成分有较大差异。由于狼毒根中柱部分聚戊糖含量较高,适合作为制备糠醛的原料,本研究中糠醛的得率为8.2%,与目前工业常用的原料蔗渣相仿。研究结果可为狼毒资源化提供参考依据。     

泸沽湖省级自然保护区鱼类物种多样性调查研究

为对泸沽湖省级自然保护区的生物多样性及环境质量做出更好的评估,分别于2016年3月,6月,7月就其鱼类资源特点及其分布格局等开展了3次调查。结果表明,泸沽湖省级自然保护区记录鱼类6目8科15属17种,鲤形目鲤科鱼类种数最为丰富,共9种,占泸沽湖鱼类总种数的52.9%;土著鱼类仅2属4种,分别为泥鳅、厚唇裂腹鱼、宁蒗裂腹鱼、小口裂腹鱼。区系组成与云贵高原湖泊存在共同特点:种类贫乏,个体较小,生长稍慢。泸沽湖鱼类物种多样性匮乏、物种同域分化现象明显、鱼类特有性极强、物种群落脆弱性极高、物种组成自然性偏低。文中提出保护好鱼类产卵场,加强入湖河流的清淤治理,建立保育繁殖基地等保护策略。     

基于植被演替理论的城市废弃地植物景观营造策略

近年来随着我国城市化进程,老旧建筑、设施拆除后所形成的城市废弃地对城市容貌、生态环境、生活环境产生了严重的危害。在当前生态文明和绿色发展理念指引下,对城市废弃地进行景观营造已迫在眉睫。植被演替理论对于城市废弃地植被景观营造有着深远的指导意义,在该理论的指导下,文章以北京石景山衙门口绿地规划为例,从植物种类的选择、植物群落结构的搭配与组合等方面探讨了植物景观营造的策略与路径,为推进城市废弃地景观营造和植物环境优化提供了一定的理论指导与借鉴。     

Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China

The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region.     

Conversion of cropland into agroforestry land versus naturally-restored grassland alters soil macro-faunal diversity and trophic structure in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China

Restoration of cropland(termed 'Farm') after abandonment including shrubs(termed 'Shrub'),trees(termed 'Tree') and natural grassland(termed 'Grass') has become a routine process aimed to improve land productivity and control desertification. During this restoration process, soil macro-faunal diversity, and trophic structure were investigated at four types of sites(Farm, Shrub, Tree, and Grass)during growing season in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China. Results indicated that the Staphylinidae family was found to dominate at the Grass, Shrub, and Tree sites, whiles larval Pyralidae individuals were found at the Grass site only. The density of the omnivores(i.e., Formicidae family) was significantly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Tree and Farm sites. The total density and richness of predator and phytophages were found to be markedly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Farm site. Meanwhile, we found the taxon richness of predators was significantly(P<0.05) higher at the Shrub site than at the Farm and Tree sites. Compared with the Farm and afforested Shrub/Tree sites,the Grass site had greater density, taxon richness, and Shannon index(P<0.05). In conclusion, natural restoration of abandoned croplands toward grassland was an effective strategy relative to artificial afforestation for improvement of soil biological diversity. Moreover, planting shrub is a preferable measure in abandoned croplands for land development in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China.     

云南不同烟区片烟醇化过程色度及主要化学成分变化特征研究

研究云南不同烟区片烟醇化过程中外观颜色以及内在化学物质变化差异,为云南烟区醇化片烟的使用提供理论依据。取云南3个产区片烟进行醇化,对比分析其在醇化过程中的颜色以及内在化学物质变化差异。不同产区片烟在醇化过程中色差值L、b与总糖、总氮、烟碱呈现逐渐下降趋势,云南文山片烟色差值L、色差值b、总糖、总氮下降幅度大于云南保山与云南大理;还原糖与质体色素降解产物先上升后下降,云南大理峰值出现时间晚于云南保山与云南文山;色度值R、苯丙氨酸降解产物、西柏烷类降解产物、棕色化产物逐渐上升,不同产区变化幅度表现为云南文山>云南保山>云南大理。云南文山片烟在醇化过程中,片烟的外观颜色与内在化学物质变化幅度更大,达到最佳醇化期所需时间少于云南大理与云南保山。     

固态热带假丝酵母菌菌剂的发酵工艺研究

试验在单因素优化试验的基础上,采用正交试验进一步对热带假丝酵母菌固态发酵工艺进行研究,包括发酵时间、接种量、料水比、碳源、氮源、无机盐等因素,最终确定热带假丝酵母菌的固态发酵工艺。发酵条件:在自然pH值条件下,发酵温度30℃、发酵时间48 h、接种量11%、料水比1∶0.75。培养基成分:麸皮与甘油8.5∶1.5 (g/g)、尿素0.5%、磷酸二氢钾0。依照此工艺进行发酵,热带假丝酵母菌活菌数最高可达32.94×10⁸个/g。